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How Does ADHD Medication Work? When a neuron transmits signals to another, it uses neurotransmitters or chemicals. They need to travel through a tiny gap known as the synapse. Some ADHD medications increase the efficiency of these messages. They either help neurons release neurotransmitters faster or slow the Reuptake (called reuptake inhibitors). best adhd medication for adults uk start ADHD patients on a low dosage and monitor their reaction. They gradually increase the dosage to discover the “sweet spot,” the lowest dose that produces a clear improvement in symptoms, and has a few side effects. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is the most common type of medication doctors often attempt to offer to children suffering from ADHD. It increases the amount of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brains of children, which aids them in paying attention and stay focused. It also reduces their hyperactivity and impulsivity. It is important to remember that methylphenidate must only be used under the supervision of a physician since it is a controlled substance. The most common methylphenidate medication is Ritalin. It's available in immediate-release tablets (Ritalin, Concerta, or Quillichew ER), long-acting chewable tablets (Cotempla XR-ODT or Adhansia XR) or long-acting capsules (Adhansia PM or Jornay PM). Certain versions of this medication contain artificial sweeteners such as aspartame, which can be harmful for those suffering from Phenylketonuria (an genetic condition that can cause severe intellectual disability). Inform your doctor if or your child suffer from food allergies. Researchers have discovered that methylphenidate reduces aberrant activity in parts of the brain, including the nucleus accumbens as well as a brain network comprised of three networks that play a role in adaptive control. This could explain why methylphenidate is one of the most effective medications to treat ADHD. The side effects of stimulants are headaches, nausea, insomnia anxiety, agitation, an agitation and tics. These are rare but can be serious. It is important to consult your doctor immediately if you experience any of these symptoms. It is also important to inform your doctor if you or your child is suffering from allergies, a history of heart disease, depression, bipolar disorder or any other mental health issues, glaucoma, a history of seizures or strokes, or if you are taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such as isocarboxazid (Marplan) and linezolid (Zyvox) or Methylene Blue, or Phenelzine (Nardil). It is essential to take methylphenidate exactly as recommended by your doctor. Amphetamines Amphetamines boost the speed of communication between brain cells and help you focus your thoughts and ignore distractions. They are among the most commonly prescribed medications for treating ADHD in both children and adults. They increase the level of neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in your brain. Amphetamines can be found in short-acting (immediate release) and intermediate- or long-acting form. They are available orally or through injection. Some people have a tough time with the side effects of stimulant medications like restlessness, difficulty sleeping or a rise in heart rate and blood pressure. Your doctor will be able to monitor the symptoms and alter the dosage to find the best one for you. Some patients may need to take a mix of medications to get the desired effects. The effects of stimulants are primarily on two neurotransmitters that are located in the prefrontal cortex. This is the part of the brain that regulates emotions and controls your behavior. These medications are used to treat a range of mental health issues, including ADD/ADHD, depression, anxiety and bipolar disorder. Amphetamines and methylphenidates are the most common stimulant drugs. The FDA has approved a variety of brand-name stimulants to treat ADHD. They are available in a variety of forms ranging from short-acting stimulants to longer-acting stimulants – and can be taken orally, or in a injection. Students, truck drivers and teenagers who need more energy to perform endurance sports can take amphetamines. Amphetamines can trigger physical and psychological problems when they are misused, especially at higher doses. Non-stimulant medicines can also be effective for treating ADHD. These include atomoxetine and Guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They are built on the same chemical that stimulants are, but they are less likely to exacerbate the symptoms of tics in those with Tourette syndrome. Short-acting stimulants These drugs are used for treating adolescents and children with ADHD. They can be consumed by mouth or applied to the skin. They are available in liquids and patches and pills that can be swallowed or chewed. They are generally only available with a doctor's prescription. These medications include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin, Concerta, Focalin, Daytrana), and amphetamines (Adderall, Dexedrine, Vyvanse). Short-acting stimulants are fast acting and last for 3 to 6 hours. These drugs ease symptoms for 70 percent to 80% children and adults suffering from ADHD. They can reduce fidgeting and interruptions, and make it easier to finish tasks. They can also improve academic performance and relationships. However, they can't address the root causes of ADHD. So it's important to use them in conjunction with behavioral therapy. It's also important to recognize that ADHD medicines have side effects. They can make you drowsy or cranky, and could interfere with your sleep. These effects are usually minor, and they disappear as soon as the medication is gone from your system. Your doctor may suggest you take a small dose at first and then increase it gradually. They'll observe how the medication affects your child or you, and also look for any signs of problems. It may take time to find the right dosage and medication for your child or yourself. It's best to open with your health care providers and communicate clearly. They might suggest changes to the frequency you or your child take the medication, or even whether it's necessary at all. They'll also want to know whether you or your child is suffering from any other mental or medical health issues. Intermediate stimulants Stimulants help to manage ADHD symptoms by altering neurotransmitter activity in the brain. This increases the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, two chemical compounds that are vital to the functioning of the pre-frontal cortex of the brain (think of it as your “secretary” in the executive functioning part of your brain). The use of stimulants is efficient for the majority of ADHD children. Your doctor will work with you to figure out what kind of medication and dosage is best for you. You may have to try different types of medication before finding the one that is right for you or your child. You can take stimulants that release immediately in liquid form and chewable tablets. They are quick-acting and last for up to four hours. The “crash effect” can occur when the medication wears off. This is characterized by an abrupt decrease in energy levels and intense hunger. There are also long-acting stimulants, such as dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine. They are more complicated and require prescriptions. They are injected in the bloodstream, and become active in the red blood cell. It takes time to find the correct dosage, medication, and schedule for your child or you. Your doctor will be monitoring your response to the medication, and look for any problems such as sleep issues. They will also talk to you about medications that are not stimulant in the event that you or your child are not responding well to the stimulants. It is not advisable to alter or stop taking your ADHD medication without consulting your doctor first. It's also important to tell your doctor about any prescription medications and supplements you are taking, as some of them can interfere with certain ADHD medications. Long-acting stimulants For 70-80% of adults and children with ADHD stimulant medications work in decreasing hyperactivity, interrupting behaviour as well as impulsivity, fidgeting and fidgeting. They can also help people focus, finish tasks, and maintain relationships. However, they may not alleviate moodiness or other irritable symptoms. And they may cause side effects like sleepiness, loss of appetite nausea, jitteriness changes in heart rhythm and high blood pressure. These medicines work in phases and help treat ADHD symptoms throughout the day. Most begin to take effect within 30 to 45 minutes, and disappear within 3 to 6 hours. They can be utilized in conjunction with other forms of ADHD treatment like behavioral therapy. Some of these stimulants that act long-lastingly, including Atomoxetine (Strattera) and guanfacine-ER (Intuniv), last through the night and into the morning. Some doctors suggest taking them in the afternoon to avoid patients from requiring additional medication during school or in the afternoon. Long-acting stimulants do not increase dopamine levels as rapidly as short- or intermediate-acting drugs, but they do boost the levels of dopamine significantly. They don't have the same effects on rebound as stimulants with shorter durations. Long-acting stimulants, due to the possibility of adverse effects are typically prescribed as a secondary treatment for adults suffering from ADHD and teens who are older. However, they can be used as a first-line treatment option for those with ADHD who haven't responded to other medications. While medication can help improve concentration and self-control, it's not the sole solution for those with ADHD. With the help of good sleeping habits, healthy diets and other self-help methods it's often possible to decrease, or even eliminate, the need for ADHD medication.